A to Z

Conditions

A

ACHES

To feel or to suffer the source of a dull pain which may be continuous and/ or to suffer mental anguish.

A

ACNE ROSACEA

A disease which shows on flush areas of the face. In affected areas, there is chronic stretching or enlargement of superficial blood vessels and an increase in the size of tissues or structures of Serbaceous follicles.

A

ACNE VULGARIS

A condition which occurs when the sebaceous glands which house hair follicles are over-stimulated by circulating androgens. These are the hormones which are responsible for male sex characteristics. A plug of kerotin (one of the protein constituents of human hair) traps excessive sebum and skin bacteria colonise the glands. Trapped sebum is then converted into irritated fatty acids which are responsible for the swelling and inflammation (pustules) which follow.

A

ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder)

Also known as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

No two children with ADD or ADHD are the same. The symptoms can range from being a “bit of a handful” to aggression and violence. Not all are intellectually handicapped yet they all appear to perform badly at school because of their inability to concentrate on the task in hand or even to keep still.

The problems are not usually diagnosed until school age although the indications are there from about age 3.The difference between ATTENTION DEFICIT (1) and HYPERACTIVITY (2) is as follows :
1) Can not pay close attention or maintain concentration; easily distracted; inability to organise; makes lots of careless mistakes; Inability to complete tasks; ignores anyone speaking directly to them ; can only follow one instruction at a time.
2) Fidgets, squirms, on the move constantly, wanders ; difficulty in quiet activities, ,talks excessively; runs and climbs in inappropriate situations; blurts out answers before you finish speaking; can't wait for their own turn; constantly interrupts; disruptive behaviour.

There are many other symptoms including interrupted sleep, or inability to sleep at all. They become loners, inability to socialise. They have no regard for their own safety. Unaffected by rewarding or punishing behaviour. Possible other learning difficulties. Some experience problems with thirst or regulation of body temperature. Often have ear, nose and throat infections (usually allergy related). Could be a disinterest because they have problems hearing ?

Specific causes of ADD or ADHD are unknown. Some contributing factors could be prenatal toxic exposure and prematurity. Could be due to injury related to the central nervous system.

Generally agreed that it is more likely to be an allergic reaction and/or vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to absorbency problems of the gut.

A

ADDISON'S DISEASE

A failure to produce enough cortisol (a hormone which is required by every part of the body) and is a rare, but serious disease. Usually, the result of the body producing antibodies against the adrenal glands, which produce cortisol. Symptoms include tiredness, muscle weakness, loss of appetite/ weight, brown patches on the skin and inside of the mouth, loss of body hair, dizziness, fainting and depression.

A

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

See Under ADD

A

ALLERGIES

FOOD ALLERGY
A food allergy can be defined as any adverse, and often immediate, reaction to food in which the immune system is involved. Severe cases may result in anaphylactic shock requiring immediate medical attention. Symptoms include swollen lips, mouth and tongue, urticaria (rash) and vomiting. Shellfish, some berries and peanuts are the common foods that induce an allergic reaction in some people, and in such cases are known as allergens. A person who is overly reactive to a food that is tolerated by most others is said to be hypersensitive or allergic.

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES
Environmental sensitivities (or allergies) such as hayfever, pet allergies and asthma are becoming increasingly common. Some allergies can be extremely serious, even fatal. Skin conditions such as eczema can often be brought on by environmental sensitivities, amongst other things, and these reactions can be worsened where the body is already weakened by food sensitivities (see below).

FOOD INTOLERANCE
An intolerant food aggravates the immune system's mast cells in the gut's mucous membrane, causing the gut to leak. Particles of partially digested food then pass into the blood stream setting up a chain reaction. This gives rise to symptoms such as migraine, excessive weight and arthritis.

A

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Caused by a destruction of nerve cells in the brain, leading to senility and dementure. The condition is characterised by a reduction in mental function, loss of short-term memory and mood problems such as irritability or childish behaviour. Alzheimer's can occur at any time, but it is most common after the age of 50. The cause is not known, but there is some suspicion that a proportion of cases are linked to brain poisoning from toxic metals, including Aluminium.

A

ANGINA

Pain resulting from insufficient blood supply to the muscle of the heart. Typically, a tight crushing pain in the chest, radiating into the neck and down the left arm: sometimes also sickness and sweating. Angina results from the narrowing of the arteries where fatty deposits form on the inside. Fear and stress can cause spasm of the coronary arteries, which may also bring on Angina. It is relieved by resting. If pain is not eased by drugs, the cause could be a total blockage and subsequent heart attack.

A

ANOREXIA

A loss of, or impaired appetite for food.

A

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Is a complicated physchological illness, most common in female adolescents. There is minimal food intake, leading to a loss of weight and sometimes death from starvation.

A

ANXIETY

The result of feeling distressed and fearful. Anguish, apprehension and dread are created by the possibility of future misfortune/ danger. At these times, adrenalin is released to give a boost to deal with these situations - stimulating all bodily functions and ensuring that we have the energy to 'fight or flight'. However, lifestyles may dictate that we are permanently under pressure to meet deadlines, we may not nourish our bodies with sufficient or balanced nutrients, not take exercise, we may partake of drugs, prescribed or otherwise, alcohol and nicotine. If we are in difficult relationships or family situations - adrenalin may flow more or less permanently. Hence, we are overstimulated and our entire bodily functions are working overtime to deal with the onslaught.

A

ARTHRITIS

Inflammation of one or more joints, which swell and become warm to touch, are painful, and restrict movement. Literally translated, Arthritis means 'Inflammation of a Joint' and is arguably not a condition as such, but an umbrella term for a range of symptoms which may be indicators of other health problems. There are many causes and the treatment varies according to the cause.

A

ASTHMA

Is diffucult or laboured breathing, particularly on breathing out. It comes on in attacks due to muscular spasm in the bronchi. It is characterised by wheezing and some schools of thought suggest that when pollen grains are inhaled, immunoglobin (proteins produced by B lymphasytes) interfere with the membrane signals, thus causing an attack. It is said that new asthma drugs can prevent this. Asthma is a convulsive attempt on the part of the respiratory organs to remove some sort of irritation arising in the lungs, or in some closely related viscera.

B

BLOOD PRESSURE

Measurement and comparison of the relaxation period (distole) of the cardiac cycle against the contraction phase (systole) of the heart.
High blood pressure (Hypertension) is abnormally high levels of dystole and systole measurements. Causes vary.
Low blood pressure (Hypotension) is abnormally low levels of dystole and systole measurements. Again, causes vary, but it could be caused by bleeding or states of shock. It is sometimes produced during surgery by drugs to reduce bleeding.
Blood pressure generally rises with age as the arteries get thicker and harder, and is sensitive to emotional mood and stress. Normal blood pressure while resting and unstressed can be calculated by adding 80 to the persons age. e.g Normal blood pressure for a 50 year old - (80+50)=130. During activity, it can rise to 90-100 plus age. Under stress, it can rise to 110 plus age.

B

BRONCHITIS

As an isolated incident, it is usually a primary viral infection occuring in children as a complication of the common cold, influenza, whooping cough or rubella. Secondary infection occurs with babies.

ACUTE - In adults it is usually acute exacerbation of chronic Bronchitis precipitated by a viral infection, but sometimes by a sudden increase in atmospheric pollution (i.e fog).

SIMPLE CHRONIC - The bronchial mucous glands increase in size and the patient's only complaint is a cough producing mucous.

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTION - The bronchial mucous membrane enlarges to such an extent that the space inside the bronchial tube narrows, causing an obstruction in the airflow, resulting in wheezing and ultimately leading to diffuculty in breathing and sometimes eventual repsiratory failure.

C

CANCER

NO INFORMATION

C

CANDIDA ALBICANS

A specific yeast infection. It is a superficial infection which flourishes in the warm, moist areas of the body (in the mouth, skinfolds, respiratory tracts and vagina). In some rare cases, perhaps in people whose immune system is compromised by serious disease, it can spread throughout the body. When it occurs in the mouth and vagina, it is called thrush.

A temporary bout can occur as a side effect of taking broad-spectrum antibiotics and immuno-suppresive drugs.

Suggested Reading:
Could yeast be your problem?
Leon Chaitow ND DO
Published by Thorsons

C

CELIAC DISEASE

Is an inflammatory condition of the small intestine brought about by an intolerance (in certain individuals) to a protein found in cereals … gluten. Because Coeliac can be genetic and manifests at any age, in severe cases, almost as soon as gluten is introduced into the body - it is notoriously difficult to diagnose.

When Gluten is ingested by individuals with a particular genetic make up it causes changes in the upper part of the digestive tract. Villi, are situated in the intestines, and resemble the pile of a carpet. They shorten and flatten when exposed to the antigens in gluten which disenables the intestines to absorb nutrients properly. Gluten is found in many cereals - not only wheat ie, rye, barley AND their derivatives (malt, grain starches, hydrolysed vegetable/plant proteins, textured vegetable/plant proteins, grains vinegars, soy sauce, grain alcohol, flavourings, binders and fillers found in vitamins and minerals and other medications).

C

COLITIS

Inflammation of the colon. May be acute or chronic and may also be accompanied by ulcerated lesions.

ULCERATIVE - An inflammatory and ulcerative condition of the colon. Evidence from studies of the causes of the disease is accumulating for an immunological basis for the condition, rather than a pyscho-somatic one as previously thought. Characteristically, it affects young and middle-aged adults, producing periodic bouts of diarrhoea stools containing mucous and blood and it may vary in severity from a mild form with little constitutional upset, to a severe, dangerous illness.

C

CONSTIPATION

The habitual failure to empty the rectum. A chronic condition which involves infrequent or diffucult evacuation of faeces. This may be due to insufficent food or fluid intake, or sluggish or disordered bowel musculature, nerve supply or even allergens.

C

CYSTITIS

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually caused by bacteria. This condition can be acute or chronic, primary or secondary to stones and is more common in females due to a shorter urethra.

D

DEPRESSION

An emotional disorder characterised by feelings of profound sadness.

NEUROTIC - Reactive depression which arises spontaneously in the mind. The symptoms vary from mild to fatal (i.e Insomnia, Headaches, Exhaustion, Anorexia, Irritability, Loss of affected emotions, Loss of interest, Impaired concentration, Feelings that life is not worth living and sometimes suicidal thoughts).

PYSCHOTIC - Depression with symptoms which are said to be more severe but respond better to treatment. When the condition occurs in mid-life, it is sometimes referred to as climacteric depression - e.g Menopause in women, or a severe form of depression as a result of a natural shrinkage of organs or period of decline after mid-life (involutional meloncholia).

An alternative theory is that they are both part of the same syndrome, but the latter is more serious than the former.

D

DIABETES

Is a condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, which results in low blood sugar and may lead to coma. It is characterised by the excretion of an excessive amount of urine (polyuria). Without qualification, the word usually means DIABETES MILLITUS.

DIABETES INSIPIDUS - When the Polyuria is caused by a deficiency of ADH. Whilst the condition itself is not life-threatening, and can be controlled with medicine and diet, Diabetics have a slow healing rate, bruise easily and skin tears easily. It is therefore extremely important for a diabetic to take good care of their feet, because an unattended nail or foot infection could potentially lead to gangrene.

D

DIARRHOEA

A deviation from the established bowel rhythm, characterised by an increase in frequency and fluidity of the stools. Epidemic diarrhoea of the new-born is a highly contagious infection in maternal hospitals. Gastroenteritis is probably the result of a viral infection.

D

DIVERTICULITIS

Inflammation and distended sacs in the intestinal tract. Can be congenital or acquired. Extremely painful condition, often around the area of the sigmoid colon. Usually antagonised by spicy and/ or fatty foods. Sometimes accompanied by constipation alternated with diarrhoea.

D

DYSTONIA

What is it?

Dystonia is a movement disorder displaying a collection of symptoms which result in continuous spasms and contractions of the muscles with no voluntary control. The sufferer is left with repetitive abnormal movements and/or rigid postures. It can affect a single part of the body or many parts at the same time. Other symptoms may be anxiety and depression, fatigue and inability to sleep.

It affects men and women of all ages and is most common after the age of 40. It may develop in children but the pattern is generally different. In adults it tends to be more localised whilst in children it usually starts in the leg or foot and then spreads to the rest of the body. There are many different types of Dystonias. It is therefore vital to establish a diagnosis and distinction of the type before commencing treatment of any kind.

What causes Dystonia?

The condition is not fully understood though it is suspected that it starts from a malfunction in the basal ganglia of the brain which controls muscle contractions.

Normal muscle control around joints is as a result of the muscles working in opposing pairs, contracting and relaxing at the same time. In Dystonia both paired muscles contract at the same time which is what leads to abnormal movement or posture.

Other considerations are that Dystonia could be the result of environmental and/or drug toxicity, a chemical or nerve imbalance or a neurological condition. All resulting in confused signals from the brain. It may even be that the condition is hereditary. There is evidence that where parents have been diagnosed with Dystonia, there is a 50% chance that the gene may be passed to the children. Whilst drugs may not cause Dystonia, specific medications like antidepressants are known to aggravate the condition.

The condition may be made worse by stress or where there is a history of injury although there is no evidence to suggest Dystonia is caused by trauma. If left untreated the condition tends to deteriorate although symptoms may stabilise. In some cases the symptoms may disappear altogether only to recur at a later date for no apparent reason.

Is there a cure?

There is no known cure for Dystonia though a variety of treatments from medication, surgery, relaxation techniques, mobility and posture advice and "hands on" therapies may help manage the symptoms.

Support and Information

The Dystonia Society (UK)
46 – 47 Britton Street
London EC1M 5UJ
Telephone 020 7490 5671
Fax 020 7490 5672
www.dystonia.org.uk

E

ECZEMA

A term for a wide range of conditions. It comes in several forms and is sometimes known as dermatitis. It usually involves inflammation, swelling, rashes and itchiness. Stress and fatigue can cause or exacerbate eczema.

CONTACT ECZEMA - is the same as contact dermatitis in which the skin reacts to certain irritant substances.

ATOPIC ECZEMA - Affects people with a family history of other disorders such as asthma or hayfever and is the type of most commonly seen in babies and young children.

There is increasing evidence that Eczema may be related to nutritional deficiencies.

E

EPILEPSY

Epilepsy is a group of conditions which arise from disordered electrical activity of the brain. Abnormal electrical discharge disturbs mental activity creating a "fit" and usually results in loss of consciousness.

GRAND MAL - Loss of consciousness and generalised convulsions

PETIT MAL - Transitory interruption of consciousness without convulsions.

FLICKER - Occurs as a result of exposure to flickering lights, particularly multi-coloured lights.

FOCAL - Motor seizure starts in one part of the body and spreads to other muscular groups - similar to chronic stage or Grand Mal.

SENSORY - Fits are usually preceded with a warning, i.e. aura, feelings of Deja Vu, hallucinations, feeling of unreality. Generally feeling abnormal in one part which will spread to other parts. Jerking may not be as severe as Grand Mal.

F

FATIGUE

Comes in many forms - muscular fatigue after strenous exercise or in the form of headaches and listleeness after a sleepness night or heavy session of mental or emotional stress. Hormonal changes can also create fatigue. Teenagers undergoing puberty and pregnant or menopausal women also suffer. It can be the symptom of something more serious.

F

FIBROMYALGIA

See under ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis).
Read our review of Leon Chaitow's Fybromalgia and Muscle Pain.

F

FOOT/ NAIL CONDITIONS

ATHLETES FOOT (TINAE PEDIS) - "Ringworm" of the feet. A fungal infection which is simulated by warm, moist conditions and thrives on kerotin which is a protein found in the layers of the skin. Up to 20 different species. Symptoms are itching accompanied by loose scaly skin surrounding patches of pink, exposed skin.
ADVICE - Dry feet well after washing, especially between toes. Apply drying powder (not talc) afterwards. Could even put it inside socks and shoes. Wear cotton socks and go bare foot as much as possible, but care must be taken not to spread the infection to others in close proximity. Sandals are the best footwear because they enable air to circulate thus preventing moisture collecting between the toes. A Chiropodist should be consulted if the problem persists.

BUNION - (HALLUX VALGUS) Painful inflammation of soft tissues around joint between toe and metatarsals. Caused by swelling of the bursa (fluid sacs surrounding the joints) which protects from friction and may also be the result of wearing ill-fitting shoes. Because the metatarsal joint becomes enlarged, it is then subjected to pressure and friction from shoes - skin may also break.
ADVICE - Reflexology could halt the condition from becoming worse, particularly if there was a problem in the spleen / pancreas meridian and a change of diet and lifestyle was instituted as well. Reflexology increases blood flow and so would aid pain and stimulate elimination of toxins. Treat corresponding area on hands as and when appropriate.

CALLUS - Feet build up hard skin for protection. Repeated pressure and friction will turn the hard skin into a callus. Very often the result of ill-fitting shoes, calluses appear mostly on flat weight-bearing surfaces such as the ball of the foot, or on the heeal. Sometines found on the tips or cushions of toes - can be "knife" edged. Indicates uneven weight distribution and therefore, probably imbalances in the energy zones of the feet (See REFLEXOLOGY)
ADVICE - Visit a Chiropodist to get rid of hard skin build up. Reflexology treatments will then be more effective due to the lack of hard skin to effect the reflex zone.

CORNS - Corns can appear anywhere on the foot - they appear as hard tissue surrounded by reddened skin. They develop as a means of protection - toes are particularly sensitive to pressure from shoes. Skin hardens and thickens where the pressure is greatest. Constant friction stimulates blood supply which accelerates growth. The hard tissue forms a pyramid and presses down on the deeper layers of the skin causing pain in the nerve endings.
ADVICE - Visit a Chiropodist to deal with corns. Having got rid of the corn or hard skin, reflexology treatments may be useful to further improve the condition.

GOUT - Accumulation of uric acid salts in blood circulation and cartilage and cartilage's of joints. Characterised by painful inflammation and swelling of smaller joints - generally in the big toe. Condition tends to affect males more than females - possibly triggered by stress.
ADVICE - 8 weekly treatments (1 week apart) of reflexolgy or massage to increase bloodflow to the area, alleviate pain and encourage elimination of uric acid from the body.

FLAT FLEET (Pes Planus) - Flattened splayed transverse arch. Sole lies flat on the floor - can be caused by weakness in joint, standing for long periods, inherited, over weight, constipation or as a result of a long ilness. Ligaments weaken and longditudinal arch lowers rendering stress in the lower back. Ankle leans inwards, weakening joints and causing the legs to ache.
ADVICE - Visit a chiropodist to arrange for shoe to be built up, easing problems caused by flat feet.

INFECTED TOE NAIL - Can be caused by ingrowing or involuted toenails, cutting nails too short, fungal infections or damage to the nail cell or poor foot hygiene.
ADVICE - Visit a chiropodist or GP to deal with infection.

G

GLUE EAR

The human ear is divided into outer, middle and inner. Glue ear affects the middle ear causing it to become filled with fluid, leading to a build up of pressure and resulting in partial or complete deafness. It particularly affects under 12's and the deafness often goes unnoticed. This may cause behavioural changes and/ or speech problems. It is more common in children who have recurrent ear infections, coughs, colds, allergies (such as hay fever) and tinnitus. Treatment sometimes involves the insertion of grommets (a tiny drainage tube) into the ear drum to drain off the fluid which fall out after 6 - 9 months. As the child grows and the eustachian tube develops fully, children usually grow out of glue ear. Specialists in Denmark are now recommending Reflexology instead of surgery with some significant success.

G

GLUTEN INTOLERANCE

This abnormality in the bowel can improve or may even disappear whilst gluten is avoided completely in food.

An intolerance to gluten is higher among certain disorders, including diabetics who need insulin. It is also, reported to be, more frequent in Ireland and so too may have a genetic link.

Dependent upon genetics and the degree of intolerance to gluten, there is a school of thought which gives credence to the notion that strictly avoiding gluten from the diet can “cure” a gluten sensitivity on the basis that the intestine can heal and the body will then no longer be intolerant. In these cases, temporary lapses in following the diet may do no serious harm.

H

HAEMORRHOIDS

A Mass of dilated veins in the anus and rectum.

H

HAYFEVER

Is caused by an allergic reaction to pollen and the bodies response is to release excessive amounts of histamine around the nose and eyes. Symptoms include red, itchy eyes, sore, itchy back of throat and a runny or congested nose.

Hayfever in April points to tree pollen whilst June/ July is the peak time for grass pollen allergies. Some foods are known to worsen symptoms by triggering the immune system.

H

HEPATITIS

The clinical definition is "inflammation of the liver". There are at least 5 recognised types of hepatic viruses - each of which cause a different form of hepatitis.

HEPATITIS A
Formerly called "infectious hepatitis" - is usually spread by the faecal-oral route and in the main is the result of insufficient personal hygiene. It can also be contracted by eating contaminated foods such as shellfish and is the most common form of viral hepatitis. Travellers to countries where sanitation is primitive are advised to be immunised before travel.

HEPATITIS B
This virus is present throughout the world and may be found in blood or other bodily fluids. The usual route of infection is through contaminated blood products. It can also be spread by the use of shared needles when injecting narcotic substances. Transmission of the disease can also occur through close interpersonal contact, i.e sexual, razors, toothbrushes etc. Whilst patients recover, it is a very serious disease and can prove fatal. The activities which increase the risk of infection by Hepatitis B are similar to those whereby HIV is contacted.

HEPATITIS C
It is the primary cause of another form of no orally transmitted hepatitis. Like Hepatitis A and B, it may be spread through contact with contaminated blood or sexual contact with an infected person. Transfusion recipients and dialysis patients are amongst those most at risk.

HEPATITIS D
Known as the Delta Virus, it is not a complete virus in itself. It can affect and cause ilness only in those already infected with Hepatitis B. Those who are immune to Hepatitis B should also be immune to Delta Virus infection.

HEPATITIS E
This form of Hepatitis is gastro-intestinally transmitted, acquired by contaminated food or water. It is said not to be present in the USA or Western Europe. Travellers to parts of Asia, North and West Africa and Mexico however, may find themselves at risk without immunisation.

H

HIATUS HERNIA

Experienced usually as heartburn. A portion of the stomach slides up under the diaphragm and bulges into the chest. This weakens the oesophageal valve and may cause a reflux. Being pregnant or overweight can sometimes trigger symptoms. Sometimes an operation is needed to tighten the hiatus. Nutritional advice an Reflexology may help in relieving symptoms.

I

INSOMNIA

NO INFORMATION

I

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)

Condition of extremes of bowel movements producing pain and discomfort. No organic cause yet found. Possibly stress related.

L

LUPUS

The word Lupus means "wolf" and the condition is very cunning like it's name. It can mimic other diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatois Arthitis, making it difficult to diagnose. It is a disease with many manifestations and each person's profile or list of symptoms is different. Causes are unknown.

It is an auto-immune disease, a type of self-allergy, whereby the patient's immune sytem creates antibodies which instead of protecting the body from bacteria, viruses and other foreign matter, attacks the person's own body tissues. This causes symptoms of extreme fatigue, joint pain, muscle aches, anaemia, general malaise and can result in the destruction of vital organs.

Lupus mainly attacks women between the child-bearing years though men and even young children can be affected. It is also more common in some races than in others. It affects twice as many black people as Sickel Cell Anaemia.

There are two types of Lupus and the causes are unknown. Some research suggests that it could be a heriditary toxin which can be transmitted down as far as 7 generations before something will trigger it to start life in a new form. The triggers may vary from puberty, hormonal changes or great emotional shock.

CHRONIC DISCOID ERYTHEMATOSUS
Affects men and women equally and usually commences in mid-adult life. Tends to be a chronic disease lasting many years, although it is now more readily controlled by powerful corticosteroids which are synthetic hormones.

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
More serious disorder. May not manifest itself in the same sort of skin condition as Discoid Lupus. Involves vascular system and other organs either singly or together. Hair loss may be one of the symptoms and the skin lesions do not scar rather they may take up the appearance of cellulite which could result in pigmentation of the skin.

M

ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)

Also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or long term Post Viral Fatigue. Often begins after an infection, 'flu like or severe shock of a physical or emotional nature. For some, the fatigue is the most dominant for others it is the muscular pain symptoms coupled with fever and swollen glands. For a good many years there was a debate as to wether ME was real or "all in the mind" which focused away from the suffering involved and in some ways prevented research progress (Leon Chaitow - Fybromalgia and Muscle Pain). Anti-inflammatory drugs appear not to affect this condition which is said to be another reason Doctors in the past have not taken this condition seriously. Reflexology and Bach Flower Treatments may help with symptoms.

Read our review of Leon Chaitow's Fybromalgia and Muscle Pain.

M

MEASLES

Acute infectious "children's" disease caused by a virus. Involves fever, blotchy rash and catarrh of mucous membranes. There is some debate whether children should be vaccinated against measles as vaccinations may cause greater vulnerability to disease in later life.

M

MENOPAUSAL PROBLEMS

Menopause is the end of the period of sexual reproduction evidenced by the cessation of menstrual periods. It normally occurs between the ages of 45 - 55. It can create many other changes on a physical and emotional level, i.e depression, hot flushes, sleeplessness, weight gain/ loss, palpitations, fainting, itchy skin and dizziness.

M

MIGRAINE

A condition of severe recurring headaches - possibly one of the most common conditions of the nervous system. It can be hereditary and seems to affect women more than men. It may involve visual abnormality, tingling or numbness in the limbs prior to an attack followed by a throbbing headache and nausea. May last from a few hours to a few days. Some people are severly incapacitated by migraine on a regular basis.

Migraine is caused by a sudden narrowing of the arteries leading to on side of the head, followed by a headache when the same blood vessels enlarge again. Common in energetic, "stressed" people. Migraine has been linked to the contraceptive pill and may be triggered by food, trauma, certain smells, chocolate, wine and a variety of foods, where a food sensitivity exists.

M

MS (Multiple Sclerosis)

Variable progress disease of the central nervous system. Possibly triggered by infection by one or more viruses. Most commonly affects young adults - patchy, degenerative changes occur in nerve sheaths in the brain, spinal chord and optic nerves. Presenting symptoms can be diverse ranging from double vision to weakness or unsteadiness of the limbs, paralysis and urinary problems are common.

O

OBESITY

Excessive fat deposits around the body, particularly below the skin. Intake of food is in excess of the body's energy requirements and fat is stored all over the body as "emergency supplies". Obesity can often be related to food allergies or sensitivities.

P

PAINS

The sensation of acute physical hurt or discomfort caused by injury, illness, emotional suffering or mental distress.The sensation of acute physical hurt or discomfort caused by injury, illness, emotional suffering or mental distress.

P

PMS/ PMT (Pre-Menstrual Stress/ Tension)

Pre-Menstrual is the cycle preceding menstruation. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome is a group of physical and emotional changes which take place during the pre-menstrual cycle which can begin anywhere between 2 and 14 days before menstruation and are relieved almost immediately the flow starts. Some research leads to a deficiency of essential fatty acids and it is believed the symptoms can be improved by attention to diet.

P

PSORIASIS

A common skin complaint characterised by circular patches of red or pink dry and flaky skin. These patches can appear anywhere on the body but predominantly on the knees, elbows and sometimes on the scalp and top of forehead. Steroids are used in conventional medicine, but these can worsen the condition. The skin can become so dry that it cracks and becomes infected. The specific cause is not known but can be hereditary and can be exacerbated by cold, damp and also stress. It causes the skin to become dry and patchy. Psoriasis can produce a form of Arthritis. It is not infectious and neither is it related to poor hygiene. It is a disorder in which there is a loss of control of normal epidermal cell turnover. Increased cell division of epidermal cells results in thickening of the epidermis and produces imperfect keratin scales.

R

RHEUMATISM

A general word for inflammation and pain with or without stiffness which affects the soft tissue, ligaments, tendons and muscles that surround and are attached to joints. It is a word used more by lay people than the medical profession and encompasses many other recognised diseases such as arthritis, bursitis and fibrositis.

R

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

One of many types of arthritis - usually of unknown origin. Extremely painful - causes stiffness and deformity which damages toe joints and surrounding tissue. General ill health and muscle wasting occurs accompanied by chronic inflammation. It is progressive and incapacitating and appears to affect women more than men. Sufferers tend to be susceptible to infecion in general as arthritis is a disorder of the auto-immune system.

S

SHIN SPLINTS

Originally, 'shin splints' was a term used to describe any prolonged or recurring pain that any sports person experienced, between the knee and the ankle. The pain was due to an overuse injury much like the term itself was overused!

Nowadays, we have a much more in depth knowledge of sports injuries and the phrase 'shin splints' is now used as an umbrella-term to include various lower limb conditions; such as compartment syndrome, stress fractures and medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). The latter of these is the most common condition that I come across occurring in weight-bearing sports where the players' feet are constantly striking the ground (basketball, football, dancing, long and middle distance runners). The pain occurs during exercise and subsides with rest. Most players decide to train through the pain because "it isn't that bad" but this only serves to worsen the condition and eventually it is impossible to walk without pain. At this point they probably have a stress fracture.

If you have experienced this type of pain, either after or during your exercise, you must first analyse any changes that you have made to your routine new shoes? different surfaces? different route? different time of day you are training? The smallest of changes can often be responsible for bringing about major changes in your body's routine.

Looking at your training shoes is often a good way to examine how you are running. Do you run on the outside of your soles, the inside or more on the heels?

The type of surface are you training on also has a bearing on the type of condition you may have. If you regularly train on hard pavements or roads, especially where there is a slight camber in the surface then stop. You need to vary the terrain. Running the same route week in week out can trigger MTSS, as can running too many hills. This may sound difficult to manage; especially with most footpaths and fields closed off at the moment, due to foot and mouth disease, but the key is variation. Vary where you run, how far, how fast and on what surface.

The most common condition occurs in novice runners, those trying to loose weight or get-fit-quick regimes, as well as experienced runners who return too soon after injury. The body does adapt to the demands you put on it, but not as quickly as most people would like. Takes it easy - the body responds to gradual exercise and it often hurts when we apply too-much-too-soon-syndrome!

If you start to feel any of these pains in your lower leg, it could be the early warning signs of MTSS reduce the length of training time or running mileage and the pain should start to ease as your body adjusts.

There are many other factors that may pre-dispose you to these conditions, such as low calcium diet, menstrual abnormalities, muscle imbalances, inflexibility, genetic factors, insufficient warm-ups and others skeletal abnormalities.

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SHINGLES

Caused by a species of virus closely related to those that cause facial or genitary herpes. Also closely related to virus that causes CHICKEN POX and only people who have had chicken pox get shingles. Virus affects part of a nerve and after a few days of fever, skin eruptions appear along the course of a set of nerves usually running across one side of the body, from under the ribs to under armpit and onto the back. Can also spread from the face, infecting the shoulders. Because the nerves are affected, the eruptions cause severe neuralgia which is extremely painful and lasts quite a while after the rash has gone. Medical help should be sought quickly if shingles is suspected. Rash consists of small blisters which gradually dry, forming scabs. On the face the blisters can leave very bad scars and blisters. Some forms of shingles damage sight if near the eyes.

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SINUSITIS

Bacterial infection and inflammation of one or more of the sinus passages which are located in the bones surrounding the eyes and nose. Symptoms include nasal congestion, nose bleeds, fatigue, headaches, ear pain, pain around the eyes, a mild fever or cough. It could be caused by a common cold, 'flu, tonsilitis or poor mouth hygiene. Recent research has suggested a connection with a deficiency in Vitamin A. Cold and damp weather may be contributory factors.

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SPRAINS

Injury to the soft tissue surrounding JOINTS and results in discolouration, swelling and pain.

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STRAINS

Muscular damage which results from excessive physical effort.

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STRESS

NO INFORMATION

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TENSION

Muscles become tense and remain in a state of tension if we do not rest or take steps to relax - aches and pains and a sluggish system are the result of overloading our bodies in this way. Tension in muscles can be the result of stretching which occurs either in the physical structure of our bodies by over-use through work/ exercise or on a mental level if we are over-stimulated by constant anxiety or in a permanent state of hostility, suspense or unease.

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THROMBOSIS

The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel.

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THRUSH

A fungal infection which can affet the mouth, a baby's bottom, a woman's vagina or a man's penis. The most common site is the vagina. The yeast organism CANDIDA ALBICANS is naturally present in various parts of the body, including the skin and the bowel. It is kept under control by friendly bacteria in the intestines, but if they are killed off (e.g. by an excess of anti-biotics), the infection rapidly multiplies and the benign yeast changes into invasive fungus.

Some contraceptive pills can make persons more prone to Thrush as can vaginal deodorants and strong bubble bath. Dietary advice may be useful (e.g. avoid sugary foods, yeast etc.).

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VARICOSE VEINS

Veins may become varicose in various parts of the body. In the rectum they are otherwise known as haemorrhoids, but mostly they occur in the legs. If the flow of blood from the legs to the heart is interrupted, blood can stagnate in the veins and these swell and twist resulting in purple ropes of veins up the legs causing considerable discomfort. Veins have valves to prevent the back flow of blood and it is when these become damaged that varicose veins occur. The condition occurs mainly in people who stand a lot - movement helps the leg muscles contract and pumps blood upwards. It can also be caused by constipation, being overweight and pregnancy. During pregnancy, the expanding womb constricts the blood flow to the limbs and the extra weight carried makes it harder for the blood to return from the legs to the heart.

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WHEAT SENSITIVITY

A wheat allergy is the body's response to an incorrect message emerging from the Immune System - there is something in the blood which shouldn't be there. Ie food molecules which haven't been absorbed properly by the Digestive System. The Immune System sees it as an “invader” and so responds with an allergic reaction.